The dynamics of global politics in the digital era have experienced a significant transformation along with advances in information technology. With the advent of the internet and social media, the way countries interact, communicate policies, and pursue national interests has changed drastically. One of the main phenomena in global politics today is the rapid spread of information. News can spread in seconds, enabling rapid mobilization for social movements or strikes. For example, the Arab Spring that began in 2010 showed how platforms such as Twitter and Facebook can become tools for protest against authoritarian regimes. The existence of this technology changes the traditional paradigm where information is controlled by mainstream media and political elites, ratifying voices that were previously marginalized. Social media also creates space for the dissemination of propaganda and fake news. A clear example is the US presidential election in 2016, where misinformation and hoaxes dominated social media feeds. This poses a challenge for democracy, where the public often finds it difficult to distinguish fact from opinion. Countries must now face cybersecurity challenges and strengthen media literacy among citizens to maintain the integrity of democratic processes. Cyber diplomacy emerged as a response to this dynamic. Countries are strengthening international relations through digital initiatives by prioritizing partnerships in the fields of technology, cybersecurity and innovation. Digital diplomacy allows countries to share knowledge, collaborate on research, and encourage investment in the technology industry. Cybersecurity is a major concern in the context of global politics. Data leaks, hacks and cyber attacks on critical infrastructure demonstrate the importance of strengthening policies in this area. Countries such as Estonia and Israel are leading the way in developing cybersecurity policies, offering models for other countries to follow. In addition, privacy and regulatory issues are becoming increasingly relevant. With the increasing amount of data collected by digital platforms, policies such as GDPR in Europe demonstrate a commitment to protecting individual privacy. Countries need to face the dilemma between technological innovation and human rights protection. Global conferences and international forums are now increasingly colored by digital issues. Debates regarding internet regulation, net neutrality, and digital rights are held in forums such as the G20 and the UN. Countries must formulate a comprehensive strategy to face this global digital-based challenge. The transformation of the political system in the digital era can also be seen in political participation. E-participation encourages community involvement through online platforms, allowing people’s voices to be heard more. This provides a golden opportunity to increase government accountability and transparency. Thus, the dynamics are very complex and continuously evolving. Society, governments and international organizations must adapt quickly to face the challenges and take advantage of the opportunities presented by the digital era. While there are many benefits to be gained, the risks and challenges must also be carefully considered by global stakeholders.
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